Immortal Biomimetic Humanoid Robots with a Human Consciousness
In recent decades, the field of robotics has witnessed remarkable advancements, particularly in the domain of humanoid robots. These anthropomorphic machines, designed to mimic human form and behavior, have sparked widespread interest and discussion due to their potential applications across various sectors, including healthcare, education, entertainment, and industry.
This special issue aims to showcase the latest research, developments, and challenges in the field of humanoid robotics. From innovative designs and control algorithms to ethical considerations and societal impacts, the collection of articles offers a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted nature of humanoid robots. The articles delve into diverse topics, ranging from the design and fabrication of humanoid robot hardware to the development of sophisticated artificial intelligence systems for perception, cognition, and interaction. Additionally, contributions addressing the integration of humanoid robots into real-world environments, such as homes, hospitals, and workplaces, are of particular interest.
Furthermore, this special issue seeks to foster interdisciplinary collaboration by bringing together researchers from robotics, computer science, engineering, psychology, and ethics. By facilitating dialogue and knowledge exchange, the aim is to accelerate progress in the field and address the complex challenges associated with humanoid robotics. Researchers, practitioners, and scholars are invited to contribute original research, reviews, and perspectives to advance the state-of-the-art in humanoid robotics.
More information: ScienceDirect Special Issue
Immortal biomimetic humanoid robots with a human consciousness
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Muscular system
The Clone’s muscular system animates the skeleton using Clone’s revolutionary artificial muscle technology, Myofiber, pioneered in 2021. Myofiber actuates natural animal skeletons by attaching each musculotendon unit to anatomically accurate points on the bones. Myofibers are produced in monolithic musculotendon units to eliminate tendon failures.
To obtain the desirable qualities of mammalian skeletal muscle, a suitable synthetic muscle fiber should respond in less than 50 ms with a contraction of over 30% unloaded and at least a kilogram of contraction force for a single, three-gram muscle fiber. Today, Myofiber is the only artificial muscle in the world capable of achieving such a combination of weight, power density, speed, force-to-weight, and energy efficiency.
Skeletal system
The Clone’s skeletal system contains all 206 bones of the human body with a small number of bone fusions. Joints are fully articulated with artificial ligaments and connective tissues. With 1:1 ligament and tendon placement on the skeleton, the android is highly articular and includes one-to-many and many-to-one joint-muscle relationships.
The four joints in the shoulder that connect the shoulder blade, collarbone, and upper arm bone have a total of 20 degrees of freedom, both rotational and translational, with an additional 6 degrees of freedom for each vertebra in the spine. With 26 degrees of freedom in the hand, wrist, and elbow, just the upper torso of the Clone without the legs possesses 164 degrees of freedom. These artificial human skeletons are made entirely of cheap and durable polymers.
Nervous system
The Clone’s nervous system was designed for instantaneous neural control of the valves, and thereby the muscles, with only proprioceptive and visual feedback. The Clone is equipped with 4 depth cameras in the skull for vision, 70 inertial sensors that provide joint-level proprioception (angles and velocities), and 320 pressure sensors for muscle-level force feedback.
The control boards for the valves and sensor fusion feedback are mounted along the vertebrae, using lightning-fast microcontrollers that send and receive information to and from the NVIDIA Jetson Thor inference GPU in the skull running Cybernet, Clone’s visuomotor foundation model.
Vascular system
The Clone’s vascular system is the most sophisticated hydraulic powering system ever designed, with a 500-watt electric pump as compact as the human heart. It can pump liquid at a 40 SLPM volumetric flow rate and 100 psi rating, supplying hydraulic pressure to the entire muscular system.
Clone’s Aquajet valve technology combines 100 psi water pressure with a 2.28 SLPM flow rate, under a watt of power consumption, and a three-way configuration in a miniaturized 12 mm design.
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